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rust

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: rüst, růst, Rust, and rúst

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Image
Rust
Image
Rust on a can

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English rust, rost, roust, from Old English rust, rūst (“rust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).

Cognate with Scots roust (“rust”), Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”), West Frisian roast (“rust”), Dutch roest (“rust”), German Rost (“rust”), Danish rust (“rust”), Swedish rost (“rust”), Norwegian rust, ryst (“rust”), Finnish ruoste, Estonian rooste. Related to red.

Noun

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rust (countable and uncountable, plural rusts)

  1. The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation; it consists mostly of iron(III) oxide (ferric oxide) and iron(II) oxide (ferrous oxide).
    The rust on my bicycle chain made cycling to work very dangerous.
  2. A similar substance based on another metal.
    copper rust
  3. A reddish-brown color.
    rust:  
  5. A disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus (Pucciniales).
  6. (philately) Damage caused to stamps and album pages by a fungal infection.
Derived terms
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Translations
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See also

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  • hematite (a mineral that is chemically similar)

Etymology 2

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Image
A rusting leaf.
Image
A black cat that has rusted.

From Middle English rusten, from the noun (see above).

Verb

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rust (third-person singular simple present rusts, present participle rusting, simple past and past participle rusted)

  1. (intransitive) To oxidize, especially of iron or steel.
    The patio furniture had rusted in the wind-driven spray.
  2. (transitive) To cause to oxidize.
    The wind-driven spray had thoroughly rusted the patio furniture.
  3. (intransitive) To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust.
    • 1902 January 3, “Mapstone Oats: Further Experiences”, in The Agricultural Journal and Mining Record‎[1], volume 4, number 22, page 688:
      I am sorry to say that, contrary to the majority, I have to report that the forage rusted rather badly.
  4. (ambitransitive, figuratively) To (cause to) degenerate in idleness; to make or become dull or impaired by inaction.
    My knowledge of Spanish has rusted over the years.
    • 1692, John Dryden, Cleomenes, the Spartan Hero, a Tragedy:
      Must I rust in Egypt? never more / Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece?
  5. (intransitive) Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight.
    It's very common for black cats to rust during the summer.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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See also
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References

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  • “rust”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

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Danish

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Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia da

Etymology

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From Old Swedish rost (“rust”), from Old Norse *rustr, possibly borrowed from Old Saxon rost, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rustaz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rust c (singular definite rusten, not used in plural form)

  1. rust
  2. corrosion

Declension

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Declension of rust
common
gender 		singular
indefinite definite
nominative rust rusten
genitive rusts rustens

Derived terms

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Verb

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rust

  1. imperative of ruste

References

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch ruste, from Old Dutch *rusta, from Proto-Germanic *rustijō. Cognate with English rest, German Low German Rüst (“rest”), German Rüste (“end, sunset”).

Noun

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rust f (plural rusten, no diminutive)

  1. rest, calm, peace
    Waarom laat je me niet met rust?
    Why don't you leave me alone?
    (literally, “Why don't you leave me at rest?”)
  2. (sports) half-time
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Afrikaans: rus
  • Negerhollands: rust, res

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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rust

  1. inflection of rusten:
    1. first/second/third-person singular present indicative
    2. imperative

Further reading

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  • “rust” in Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal – Officiële Spelling, Nederlandse Taalunie. [the official spelling word list for the Dutch language]

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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From Old English rust, rūst, from Proto-West Germanic *rust, *rost, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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rust (uncountable)

  1. rust (oxidisation of iron or steel)
  2. (figurative) Moral degeneration.
  3. (horticulture) A fungal disease of plants.
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Descendants
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References
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Etymology 2

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Verb

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rust

  1. alternative form of rusten

Norwegian Bokmål

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Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology 1

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Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Related to rød (“red”).

Compare Norwegian Nynorsk rust, Danish rust, Swedish rost, Dutch roest, German Rost and English rust.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rust f or m (definite singular rusta or rusten, indefinite plural ruster, definite plural rustene)

Image
Rust on a screw.
  1. (chemistry, usually uncountable) rust; a reddish-brown coating of hydrated iron oxides or iron hydroxides formed on iron or steel through oxidation
    • (Can we date this quote?), Johan Sebastian Welhaven, Samlede Digterverker, volume I, page 130:
      en blomsterflor mod rust og veir
      a garland of flowers against rust and weather
    • 1862, Henrik Ibsen, Kærlighedens Komedie, page 52:
      kærligheden – det er en skat, som ikke møl og rust fortære kan
      Love is a treasure which moth and rust cannot consume.
    • 1935, Tidens Tegn, number 257, page 7, column 1:
      [sjøfolkene] sitter og banker rust
      [The sailors] sit chipping away rust.
    • 1957, Jens Bjørneboe, Under en hårdere himmel, page 121:
      spleise en wire, ride av en storm, eller banke rust i en kjettingkasse
      splice a wire, ride out a storm, or chip rust in a chain locker
    • 1997, Olav Angell, Oslo ved midnatt:
      håndtaket er oppløst av rust
      The handle has been eaten away by rust.
    • 2011, Ingeborg Arvola, Grisehjerter:
      springen på vasken har en rand av rust og skitt
      The tap on the sink has a rim of rust and dirt.
    edel rust — verdigris on copper, brass or bronze
    • 1834, Johan Sebastian Welhaven, Norges Dæmring:
      en ædel rust, der holder sig med aarene
      a noble patina which endures through the years
  2. (botany, mycology) rust; a plant disease caused by a rust fungus
  3. (mycology) a rust fungus, especially one of the order Pucciniales Pucciniales
  4. a reddish-brown color resembling rust
  5. (figuratively) a cracked, rough or grating quality in a person's voice
    • 1903, Hans E. Kinck, Naar Kærlighed dør, page 56:
      der var rust i stemmen
      There was a rasp in his voice.
    • 1903, Hans E. Kinck, Naar Kærlighed dør, page 72:
      han kræmted halsen ren for al taushedens rust
      He cleared his throat of all the rust of silence.
  6. (figuratively) something which gradually eats into, degrades or wears away a person or thing
    • (Can we date this quote?), Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Samlede Digte, volume II, page 7:
      i fredens dage tog [norrønaånden] ofte rust af løgn og letsind
      In days of peace, the Norse spirit often acquired the rust of falsehood and frivolity.
    • 1875, Henrik Ibsen, Digte, page 175:
      ren for ældens møl og rust
      free from the moth and rust of age
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Old Norse rust (“small wood, wooded ridge”), chiefly preserved in dialects and place names.

Compare Norwegian Nynorsk rust (“small wood, wooded ridge”).

Noun

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rust f or m (definite singular rusta or rusten, indefinite plural ruster, definite plural rustene)

  1. (chiefly dialectal) a small wood or grove; a wooded ridge or small elevation
    • 1920, Sigrid Undset, Kransen, page 10:
      nu skimtet Kristin mellem trærne glimt av bygden nord for rosten
      Now Kristin glimpsed the settlement between the trees, north of the wooded ridge.

Etymology 3

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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rust

  1. imperative of ruste (“to rust, become corroded”)

Etymology 4

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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rust

  1. imperative of ruste (“to equip, prepare; arm”)

Etymology 5

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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rust

  1. supine of ruse (“to rush, charge; to rev an engine”)

Participle

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rust (definite singular and plural ruste)

  1. past participle of ruse (“to rush, charge; to rev an engine”)

Anagrams

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

From Proto-Germanic *rustaz.

Alternative forms

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  • røst (Trøndelag dialect)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rust f (definite singular rusta) (uncountable)

  1. rust (oxidation, as above)
  2. rust (plant disease)

Verb

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rust

  1. imperative of rusta

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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rust

  1. past participle of rusa

References

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Old English

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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rust m

  1. rust

Derived terms

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Descendants

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